Molecular epidemiological characteristics of genital Chlamydia trachomatis / 中华皮肤科杂志

Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the causative agent of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) worldwide.The incidence of Ct infection has exceeded that of Neisseria gonorrhoeae,and becomes the highest in STDs in many countries.Ct infection can lead to urethritis,epididymitis,prostatitis and infertility in males,and cervicitis,endometritis,pelvic inflammatory disease,infertility in females,and neonatal conjunctivitis.Additionally,urogenital Ct infection is always ignored due to its concealed symptoms,leading to a long clinical course,recurrence or repeated infections.Furthermore,Ct infection can increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus and human papilloma virus infections.Therefore,how to prevent and control the transmission of Ct has become one of the global public health issues.Currently,a growing body of researches have focused on the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Ct,which are aiming to identify the mutant strains,elaborate transmission dynamics,investigate the distribution of Ct serotypes in different populations,so as to provide molecular epidemiological evidence for the prevention and control of Ct infection.This review summarizes the epidemic status and research methods for molecular epidemiological characteristics of Ct,as well as application of Ct serotyping in clinical practice,providing references for the prevention,control and research of Ct infection.

Variation of mortality and discharge against medical advice among major trauma patients admitted to ICU / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To observe the variation of mortality and discharge against medical advice in major trauma patients admitted to the ICU and thus to improve the level of trauma care.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on major trauma patients who died or discharged against medical advice in the emergency 1CU from 2003 to 2011.Patients were categorized as the dying,worse,and improved according to their situation at discharge.The dying was included into the death group.Annual variation of mortality and discharge against medical advice were analyzed in these 9 years.These parameters were also compared among three diverse periods (2003-2005,2006-2008 and 2009-2011).Results Ultimately,452 patients were recruited from the 3,343 major trauma patients admitted to the emergency ICU from 2003 to 2011.There were 231 deaths occupying 6.91％ (135 patients died in hospital and 96 patients were dying at discharge) and 221 discharges against medical advance occupying 6.61％ (175 patients deteriorated and 46 patients improved).Within the 9 years,a significant decrease was found in the annual rate of inhospital death,dying at discharge,and total death.Meanwhile,there was an increase in the rate of deterioration at discharge (x2 =15.305,P ＞0.05).However,no significant difference was found in the rate of total death plus deterioration at discharge.During the three periods of 2003 to 2005,2006 to 2008,and 2009 to 2011,number of patients admitted to the emergency ICU was 687,1,143,and 1,513 respectively.Age and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) of the dead,the patients with deterioration at discharge,and the dead plus the patients with deterioration were gradually higher through the three periods; on the contrary,GCS lowered.Total mortality decreased from 11.06％ to 4.63％ (x2 =31.174,P ＜0.01) ; rate of deterioration at discharge increased continuously from 2.77％ to 6.35％ (x2 =12.203,P ＜0.01) ; rate of death plus deterioration at discharge was declined from 13.83％ to 10.97％ (x2 =4.09,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions From 2003 to 2011,the level of severe trauma care in emergent ICU is obviously improved.Ratio of deterioration at discharge increases with more aged patients.Discharge against medical advance interferes with the accurate assessment of trauma care and should be paid more attention.

Therapeutic effects of Shenfu injection on post-resuscitation syndrome / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Shenfu injection (a Chinese herbal preparation of Aconitum and Ginseng) for the treatment of patients with post-resuscitation syndrome (PCAS) and to investigate its mechanism as well.Methods The data of 80 patients with restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest were collected,and the patients were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The patients in experimental group received Shenfu injection in addition to conventional treatment,and the patients in control group just had the conventional treatment.The cerebral performance classification (CPC) scores,Glasgow Coma Scales cores and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores before treatment and on the 3rd,7th,14th and 28th days after treatment in the patients of two groups were monitored and compared.The length of ventilation time,total expenses and mortality of the patients were calculated and compared between two groups.Results The data of 3 patients were excluded from those of total 80 patients,because the information of those patients was not complete.Finally,there were 37 cases in experimental group and 40 patients in control group.The CPC scores of smrvived cases in experimental group were lower than those in control group on the 3rd,7th,14th and 28th days after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The Glasgow Coma Scale scores in experimental group were higher than those in control group on the 14th and 28th days after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The SOFA scores in experimental group were lower than those in control group on the 3rd,7th and 14th days after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in length of ventilation time and total expenses between two groups on the 3rd,7th,14th and 28th days after treatment (P ＞ 0.05).The mortality of the experimental group was lower than that in control group at the 28 th day after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The Shenfu injection could improve the prognosis of patients with post cardiac arrest syndrome.

Inhibition of combined application of arsenic trioxide and cisplatin in the HSQ-89 cells / 实用医学杂志

Objective To discuss the anticancer role of arsenic trioxide (ATO) with cisplatin on human oral carcinoma HSQ-89 cells. Methods The human oral epidermoid HSQ-89 cells were chosen as the subjects. Different concentrations of ATO were added into Cisplatin(DDP)-treated cells. The inhibition rate of tumor cells was detected by MTT assay. Results Different concentrations of ATO (0,2.5,5,7.5,10,12.5 μmol/mL) were added into oral cancer HSQ-89 cells which have been treated with DDP (15 μg/mL). The inhibition rate of tumor cells were 26.9%, 67.5%, 73.0%, 88.5%, 90.4%, 98.7%respectively; The combined application of ATO with cisplatin could improve the inhibition rate of HSQ-89 cells in a dose-dependent relation. Conclusion The combined application of ATO and DDP can produce a synergistic action of inhibition on oral cancer cell.

Analysis of the phenominon of anticoagulant led to false platelet reducing and its the correcting method / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the influence and solution of pseudothrom bocytopenia (PTCP) caused by anticoagulant EDTA-K2.Methods Sysmex-2100 hematology analyzer was used to analyze PTCP-positive patients' blood samples,count the platelet in samples anticoagulant with EDTA-K2,sodium citrate and heparin,and used the manual counting methods.Results Platelets counts in anticoagulant bood by EDTA-K2 was significantly lower than anticoagulant bood by sodium citrate and heparin.Lots of aggregated platelets were appeared in the EDTA-K2 anticoagulant samples stained by Wright-Giemsa,while there was no aggregated platelets observed in sodium citrate anticoagulant samples and heparin anticoagulant samples.Conclusion Platelet aggregation in patients with PTCP causes patelet counts false reducation.The patients with PTCP is determined by measuring the whole blood (no anticoagulant)by automatic hematology analyzer immediately or manual couting method.

Effects of biofeedback in modification of Angle Class Ⅱ malocclusion and returned mandible / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To study the effects of biofeedback combined with the fixed functional appliance in the modification of mandible in patients with Angle Class Ⅱ malocclusion and retruded mandible.Methods A Iotal of 30 orthodontic patients were divided into two groups,all patients with retruded mandible and normal maxilla,ANB>6°,aged from 9 years and three months to 14 years and 11 months.All patients were treated with Forsus fixed functional appliance combined with MBT straight-wire appliance.Muscular activity of the superficial masseter muscle before,during,and after treatment.was evaluated by assessing the average integrated eleetromyogram (EMG) .The biofeedback was performed during functional treatment in the study group,the muscular activity of the superficial masseter muscle was turned into the signal which can be read and seen by patients,and the patient can control the muscular activity of the superficial masseter muscle in a certain extent under the help of instrument.After 6 weeks fixed functional appliance treatment,the biofeedback treatment was performed in the study group with the help of instrument and trained for 10 times,and the patients could trained by themselves for 20 minutes everyday.Results The biofeedback treatment was able to regulate the muscular activity of the masseter muscle and prevent the return of muscle function and the tendency to seat the condyle back toward the fossa,maintain the treatment effect;after biofeedback treatment the decreased postural EMG activity in the masseter muscle was steady,but without statistical significance (P>0.05).Conclusion The biofeedback treatment can maintain the muscular activity of the masseter muscle effectively,enhance the effect of functional treatment and keep the stability of the mandibular position.

Initial detection and analysis of neuro-information from amputee / 生物医学工程学杂志

By detection and analysis of neuro-information from amputee in experiments, a research on the correlations of three main nerves (median nerve, radial nerve and ulnar nerve), on the patterns for discharging information, and on the mechanics about how neuro-information dominates movements was performed. These researches would contribute to the development of neuroprosthesis.

Biomechanical experiment of non-stemmed anatomical total hip prosthesis arthroplasty in vitro / 生物医学工程学杂志

Biomechanical test in vitro was performed to study the biomechanical characteristics of the femoral component in the non-stemmed anatomical total hip prosthesis (A-Fix) arthroplasty. It mimics two stages, the early stage with cementless and the later stage with cement fixation that imitates bone ingrowth. The results were compared with that of normal proximal femur by normalized coefficient analysis. Translation of femoral head after hip replacement is slightly more than normal. The strain of femoral neck after replacement is lower than that of normal. It changes flatly. The security coefficient in early stage is raised by 13% on the tensile side and by 27.6% on the compressive side of femoral neck; that in later stage is raised by 29.6% and by 22.1% separately. The maximal torsional angle of femoral head is minimal, it is 0.02 times that of normal in early stage and 0.01 times in later stage. It demonstrated that A-Fix arthroplasty has the characteristics of low stress and deformation, high intensity and rigidity, and anti-loosening, thus affording mechanical evidences for its clinical use.

Evaluation of the short-term biocompatibility of a new kind of hydrogel prosthetic nucleus / 中国组织工程研究

Aim To evaluate the short-term biocompatibility of a newkind of prosthetic nucleus-Evergel, which is made from the modifiedpolyvinyl alcohol hydrogel. Methods According to China national standardGB/T16886 documents, the toxicity of Evergel prosthetic nucleus materialwas investigated by the cytotoxicity test, sensitization test, haemolysis test,Ames test, mice marrow micronucleus test and chromosome aberration test ofmammalian cell in vitro. Results This material had no cytoxicity, no sen-sitivity, no obvious haemolysis, and no mutagencity in Ames test, micemarrow micronucleus test and chromosome aberration test of mammalian cellin vitro. Conclusion The Evergel prosthetic nucleus has a good biocom-patibility and can be used clinically.

Reconstruction of hand defects / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Hands are an important organ with which mankind has created his civilizations. Functional reconstruction of hand defects is a difficult clinical problem. The cosmetic artificial hand has no other function than that of decoration. The tool hand and kruckenberg forearm furcate phalangisation have scarcely been utilized now because they have limited functions. The myoelectric artificial hand is the major product on the prosthese market, but its accuracy needs improving. Microsurgery can restore part of the sensory functions of the hand but can not restore its normal contour. Treatment of the lost part of the forearm with an electronic artificial hand, which is controlled by a reconstructed digit transplanted from the second toe to the forearm stump, improves the action accuracy. Wide application of this new technique is recommendable. More than 10 cases treated with allograft hand transplantation have been reported recently. Since these patients have to receive a long term therapy of immunosuppressive agents due to the immunological rejection,this method is not suitable to be a routine clinical operation. If the problems concerning transplantation immunity are solved, allograft hand transplantation will be an optimal method of functional reconstruction of hand defects.

Recombinant human heparin-binding neurite-promoting factor expressed with yeast stimulates neurites outgrowth / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>Heparin-binding neurite-promoting factor (HBNF) is a heparin-binding protein primarily found in the brain, which can stimulate neurite outgrowth in vitro. We expressed recombinant human heparin-binding neurite-promoting factor (hrHBNF) using a yeast system, and observed its activity in stimulating neurite outgrowth in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>cDNA encoding mature human HBNF was amplified from total RNA isolated from an 18-week aborted human fetal brain by RT-PCR method. After amplification, the HBNF cDNA gene was cloned into pPIC9K, a shuttle expression vector for yeast system. The positive clone of expression vector bearing HBNF cDNA gene was obtained by screening. Verified recombinant vector was then used to transform Pichia strain GS115 by electroporation. His(+) transformants were selected on minimal dextrose medium (MD) plates which were histidine free. His(+) yeast recombinants with multi-copy inserts were screened in vivo by their resistance to G418. PCR analysis was used to confirm the integration of the HBNF cDNA gene into the Pichia genome. Secreted expression of hrHBNF protein in culture medium was obtained when the positive clone containing the HBNF cDNA gene was induced by methanol. The hrHBNF product purified by gel chromatography was added to cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells to observe its ability to stimulate neurite outgrowth.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the recombinant expression vector, the insert was sequenced to show exactly the sequence encoding human HBNF according to Genbank data. The HBNF cDNA gene was cloned downstream to the alpha-factor, and its open reading frame was in frame with the alpha-factor signal sequence in pPIC9K. SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular weight of the induced expression product was about 18 kDa, consistent with that of human HBNF reported in the literature. The protein product did promote neurite outgrowth in cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Recombinant human heparin-binding neurite-promoting factor can be expressed with a yeast system, and its product possesses the biological activity to promote neurite outgrowth.</p>

A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the significance of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of DLBCL.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>60 cases of DLBCL were studied and immunohistochemical staining for LCA, L26, BLA-36, CD30, bcl-6 were carried out with the EnVision 2 step method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age range of 76.7% (46/60) patients was 40 - 70 years. The location of the lesion includes nodal and extranodal sites. 90.0% (54/60) were in clinical stages of II (24/54), III (21/54), IV (9/54). Histopathologic morphology presented as centroblastic (88.3%, 53/60), immunoblastic (3.3%, 2/60), anaplastic large B cell type (3.3%, 2/60) and T cell rich B cell type (5.0%, 3/60). Immunostaining showed 100% (60/60) DLBCL were positive for LCA, L26, BLA36, 3.3% (2/60) DLBCL positive for CD30, 95% (57/60) expressed bcl-6 protein.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DLBCL is an aggressive lymphoma which shows cytologic variability from case to case. The evaluation of pathologic features and immunohistochemistry in DLBCL are useful and practical for diagnostic purposes, but cannot delineate distinctive morphologic subtypes.</p>

Modulation of nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes in reperfused skeletal muscle / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the modulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoenzymes in skeletal muscle during 3 h ischemia/reperfusion (I/R, 3 h ischemia followed by 3 h reperfusion). METHODS: The extensor digitorum longuses (EDLs) from 20 adult rats were divided into 4 groups: the normal, the sham operation, the ischemia (3 h), and the ischemia/reperfusion group. One normal EDL from each rat was used as the non-operated control, and the opposite ones are distributed into the 3 remaining groups. All the samples were studied with Western blotting technique and immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS: Three sizes of protein bands verified with the proteins of relative molecule to be of 155000, 140000 and 135000, were detected in the EDL homogenate by Western blotting, which were comparable with the positive controls for nNOS, eNOS and iNOS, respectively. Immunostaining demonstrated that nNOS was present in the muscle fiber, with a similar location of the muscle stria, eNOS was found apparently in microvascular endothelia, but not found in muscle fibers, and iNOS was found in the leukocytes around the muscle fiber and some endothelia cells. Immunostaining paralleled the Western blotting results. CONCLUSIONS: It suggests that the constitutive nNOS and eNOS protein can be regulated by I/R, and I/R results in a down regulation of nNOS and up-regulation of eNOS and iNOS in reperfused skeletal muscle. The fact that nNOS is present around stria suggests that nNOS may have a close relationship with muscle function. The localization of eNOS in endothelial cell indicates its role in regulating blood supply of the muscle. Based on these findings, it is possible that NO produced by distinct NOS may play a different role in I/R injury.

Electronic artificial hand controlled by reconstructed digit / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

OBJECTIVE: To treat the loss of part of the forearm with a multi-dimension-freedom electronic artificial hand, which is controlled by a reconstructed finger transplanted from the second toe to the forearm stump. METHODS: The female patient was 19 years old, whose right hand and wrist were crushed into pieces by machine at work and her forearm was amputated at the level of 8 cm proximal to the wrist. The second toe of her left foot was transplanted to reconstruct the digit onto the stump of her forearm. Two months after the transplantation, the patient was transferred to the rehabilitation center for further rehabilitation training, which consisted of: training for adaptation to weight bearing, testing and training of sensibility to weight. testing and training for stability of the hand, and testing and training for the controlling function of the reconstructed digit. RESULTS: The transplanted toe survived well. After rehabilitation the reconstructed digit functioned well. In testing the performance under control mandate, the accuracy rate of the electronic artificial hand was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: A 100% accuracy rate of the electronic artificial hand can be achieved by transplantation of the toe onto the stump of the forearm. It provides a useful pathway and an example for improvement of control accuracy of a multiple-freedom electronic artificial hand and reduction of false action.